The last few decades have been punctuated with strife between the riparian states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka or Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh or Tamil Nadu and Kerala. All for the sake of something as basic but essential as water.

The last decade has seen this battle intensify between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka over the waters of Cauvery river.

We all know that the Tamil land had been prosperous for millennia. This could not have come about without copious water to support its prosperity generating activities and industries. Tamil Nadu was water surplus then.

Where did Tamil Nadu get its water then?

Tamil Nadu has not changed its location. The rains are more or less the same.

What has changed besides a few dams across a few rivers of such a large and expansive state?

We need to look at the ground situation then and what it is today.

Ground Surface Water Availability

Ground surface water consists of components which include,

Large and small rivers, streams, rivulets, Odai, forest streams
Large water bodies, manmade and natural – lakes, tanks, Eri
Small local water bodies –

Pushkarni / Kovil Kulam– Temple Tanks
Grama Kulam
Kuttai

Kulam and Kuttai

In India through the ages, every village temple had a tank, Kovil Kulam called Pushkarni. Apart from daily bathing and for local temple ritual, these tanks were primarily built for water harnessing.

Kulam and Kuttai are small local village troughs. Kulam is slightly larger, while Kuttai is smaller.

These were over 2 lakhs such small water bodies in number all over Tamil Nadu in the form of Kovil Kulam (temple tanks), Grama Kulam and Kuttai. These were used, for temple ceremonies, for daily ablution and other daily needs of men and cattle.

Temple Tank at Chidambaram Temple, Tamil Nadu

Thus, almost every village had atleast a Kulam or Kuttai, which also met the daily fishing needs of the local community.

All these in the last 60 years, have become dirty wastage dumps, and cesspools, where mosquitoes breed. Over half of them are lost due to illegal occupation and construction in connivance with the local administration

Tamil Nadu, A Land of Rivers

Tamil Nadu is not just a land of one river called Cauvery. It is verily a land of rivers. There are 102 rivers in this land. Thus Tamil Nadu is filled with rivers, one river after another.

All these were perennial rivers at the time of independence.

However, in the name of development, the people of this generation, and immediate earlier generation, have made these hundred rivers bone dry. Now we are going with a begging bowl, asking our neighbouring riparian states for water.

Continue to Ask

While we should continue to ask in a civil manner, for our share of Cauvery waters for Tamil Nadu through set legal norms,it is even more important, to ensure that within the next decade, we make these 102 rivers of Tamil Nadu flowing and perennial once again. Which is what, our forefathers had bequeathed to us as our real inheritance.

42000 to 7000

Adding to this woe of making our rivers go dry, our immediate and earlier generation has committed an even bigger blunder. Tamil Nadu was a land of water bodies, lakes and Eri.

As per the records of the government of Tamil Nadu, in 1967, we had 42000 lakes, Eri, tanks and large water bodies, all over the state.

Not only were they so many in number, they were also beautifully networked to keep overflowing into successive tanks down the chain. These networked tanks, called the Chain Tank System of the Carnatic, built across 500 years over 1500 years ago itself, qualify to surpass any Engineering marvel that the world has produced. More in our film Tamzhigam Oru Vaibhavam .

From 1967 to 2017, in 50 years, we have wontedly reduced these networked water bodies of ours, from 42000 to a mere 7000. 35000 water bodies, lakes, Eri and tanks have been wiped out from the topography of Tamil Nadu. No wonder, water shortage is looming large.

We should realize that for our mis-deeds and mis-adventure, we will have to bear the severe consequences within this generation itself. Even the 7000 large water bodies have been substantially encroached and converted into filthy cesspools. It is a catastrophic situation, we have on hand now.

Who is responsible for this?

Dravidian Parties Responsible

If we see, Tamil Nadu has been alternatively ruled for the last 50 years, since 1967, by Dravidian parties only. These are parties who have come up claiming to restore the lost pride of the Dravidians.

But it is under their very rule, that we are finding

the legacy left behind by our Dravidian ancestors eroded.
the world marvel of Dravidian Hydraulic and Civil Engineering raped
the successful and ingenious Dravidian Sustainability model destroyed.

How can anyone claim to be restoring the lost Dravidian pride then? Rather what little was left is also being wiped off from the face of Tamizhagam.

It is in the hands of the people now to wake up and understand what really is our wealth, our pride.

Tamil Nadu receives the highest rainfall

Alas is the situation all lost!? Thankfully no. If you look at the precipitation levels of the three Deccan states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu receives the highest rainfall among these three states, well spread out across its geography. Even now it is not too late, if we put our minds and efforts together.

Rainfall received by the three states

Tamil Nadu, has three rainfall patterns,

South West monsoon
North East monsoon
3 to 5 cyclones that unfailingly lash the coasts of Tamil Nadu, in the months of October, November and December.

While Tamil Nadu has three distinctive rainfall patterns, what is to be remembered is that it rains cumulatively for only less than 100 hours, out of the 8760 hours, every year.

So, when it rains, it really pours. This 100 hours of copious rain, we should carefully use for the balance 8660 hours.

That water needs to be harnessed and used by the people, livestock, industry, agriculture, animals, flora and fauna of the land, for the balance 8660 hours, when it does not rain.

Need to rejuvenate Rivers and Waterbodies

We need to rejuvenate the 102 rivers, and the remaining 7000 lakes, tanks, and Eri, and the overflow connections between them. Then Tamil Nadu can have bountiful waters to meet its needs once again. Tamil Nadu is a Nature endowed water surplus state. Mother Nature, endows us with sufficient waters every year. It is for us to harness the bounty of Mother Nature, and use it judiciously in a sustainable manner.

Our forefathers had understood this phenomenon of Nature, and with ingenuity harnessed waters to sustain their civilization. Today in the name of development, education, knowledge and hydraulic civil engineering skills, we have failed to maintain a sustainable ecology. It is time to recognize our faults, redevise methods, and rejuvenate our rivers for a prosperous and sustainable Tamil Nadu.

Indo Japan – A Connect Over Millennia – Facebook Live Video

Posted on April 9, 2018 by Dr. D K Hari and Dr. D K Hema Hari

Indo Japan – A connect Over Millennia E-Book

Posted on April 9, 2018 by Dr. D K Hari and Dr. D K Hema Hari

Read eBook : Indo Japan A Connect Over Millennia

India and Japan are geographically separated by many miles and many seas.

Yet, they have shared a close bond. Not just commercially but in the field of culture, linguistics, spirituality, subtle traditional practices, the religion of Buddhism and many other such areas.

In the last few decades, Japan has had a large impact on Indians by way of infusion of modern Japanese technologies into India. To the current generation of youth in India, the impression is that, Japan has given a lot to India.
“Japan has gained more from India across ages than India has done from Japan in recent times.”

These were the words of Naomi Ishii, MD of Toyota in India.

It was his sincere counter over dinner to the common sentiment prevalent amongst Indians about Japan’s contribution to India.

This was a very touching moment – an endorsement given by a generation of Japanese, to a generation of Indians, of their ancestors’ positive interactions, more than a millennium ago.

In this day and age of high modernization in Japan, if India’s influence on Japan is still held in high esteem by the Japanese and also as one that benefitted Japan, then it speaks highly of,

1.The nobility of the Indian ancestors who had created such an impact on the Japanese and

2. The nobility of the present generation of Japanese to acknowledge such an impact even after millennia.

One is not sure how many of the Japanese or the Indians realize this though. For, Buddhism and its values have been internalized so much that they are an integral part of Japan today. This is evident in the calm demeanour with which they have faced some of the world’s worst disasters, both natural and manmade, through times. This has given them the strength to recover with focus and determination.

The Indo Japan relationship, a rapport built over time, has had various touch points over ages, from different perspectives.

There are many a works that have been written in the last couple of centuries, on these exchanges across ages. Many associations and centres too have sprung up to trace and further the bond between these 2 lands.

In this book, we present the Indo Japan connect right through times with a focus on the subtler aspects of the connect and the way forward than as a historical, political or commercial account.

Nothing about Indo Japan relationship is superficial. The ties run very deep.

The Indo Japan ties are a good example for how a relationship, over a millennium, acquires different flavours, based on mutual sharing of each other’s strengths, which also varies over time.

To remind both Indian and Japanese youth of the strong bond that we have shared over millennia and to strengthen it further for future, by leveraging each other’s strengths in present times, is the objective.

Minoritism

Posted on April 6, 2018 by Dr. D K Hari and Dr. D K Hema Hari

An Attempt to divide

The recent move by the Karnataka government to confer minority status on the Lingayats has been severely criticized, as an attempt to divide the Hindu community.

Who are the Lingayats and what is this idea of Minoritism?

The Lingayats

Lingayat is a distinct Shaiva sect in India. Shaiva is one of the Shadmadam, which worships Shiva as the Supreme Divinity. Shad means 6 and Mada, meaning relating to mind, is etymologically similar to Mati, Mat, Maths, Mathematics. Ishtalinga is an oval shaped lingam which represents Shiva, and is worn around the neck.

Ishtalinga

Lingayats and Veera Shaiva

Another sect similar to Lingayats are the Veera Shaivas. Veera Shaivas are staunch devotees of Shiva and follow the Vedic tenets of living.

Around 12^th century CE, revolting against the manner in which organization of society and rituals were then being practiced, Sri Basava, a statesman, philosopher, poet and social reformer, popularly known as Basavanna in the Kannada land instituted a new sect.

Sri Basavanna

Basavanna rejected the Veda, the Vedic tenets and the then forms of worship to setup a new system based on a formless divinity symbolized by an oval shape called Ishta Linga worn around the neck itself. This system came to be called Lingayat, those who wear an Ishta Linga. The term Lingayat is derived from the word Lingavanta, which means “One who wears an Ishtalinga.”

Ishtalinga worn around neck

Many Veera Shaiva attracted by the teachings of Basavanna converted to become a Lingayat. Soon the states of Karnataka and Andhra saw an increase in the number of Lingayats.

Over time however, the distinction started blurring and Lingayat and Veera Shaiva were seen by others to be the same. The Veera Shaiva and Lingayats themselves too started believing it to be so, though deep down in the Lingayat sect, there was some amount of apprehension.

Demands by Lingayat community

In the last century, with more of the Lingayat literature being searched for and researched for a better understanding, this apprehension has given way to an affirmation that the Lingayats are different from Veera Shaiva.

This clarity, clubbed with the status that minority religions, i.e non-Hindus, enjoy in terms of benefits from the state, as well as the sway that minorities could hold on politics and Governance, sowed the seeds for the Lingayats wanting a minority status.

Their claim is that the teachings of Basavanna, that form the core of their Lingayat sect, were different from the Veda and the core of Hinduism, as is perceived. Hence they should be classified as non-Hindus.

There have therefore been demands by the leaders of the Lingayat community, in the past many decades to declare their sect as a different, non-Hindu and a minority religion.

Channappa Uttangi, a Christian Missionary who recorded the teachings of Lingayat Guru Basaveswara, was the 1^st one who started a protest in 1940 to declare Lingayat as a separate religion. He preached that ‘Basava is the best Christian and Christ is the best Lingayat’.

The Lingayats’ argument is that they have a right to minority status being non-Hindus just like Muslims, Christians etc.

Political Parties are quick to note such a clamour, especially in the vicinity of elections.

A similar decision was taken in 2013, by the then Congress Government at the Centre, to declare Jains as a minority community, overruling the views of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar.

But wait, before a judgement is passed on this debate, there is one other aspect to the claim of the Lingayats, that needs to be understood.

We have understood how Lingayats are different from Veera Shaiva. But we have not examined if they qualify to be called non-Hindus.

For this though, we need to understand who is a Hindu?

Also, is whatever preached by Basavanna really different from what is contained in the Veda?

Ambedkar’s views on A Hindu

When our constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, Dr. B R Ambedkar, one of the architects of the Indian Constitution, had made it clear that the term Hindu, includes all those who are not Christians, Muslims and Parsis.

Which means that, the term “Hindu” covered everybody, including Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs, Nature worshippers, Adi Vasis, Vana Vasis and even atheists.

i.e Veera Shaiva as well as Lingayats were Hindus, constitutionally.

Let us see how this came to be defined.

Ambedkar

Ancient 6 religions of the land

From ancient times, Shadmada, 6 religions were practiced in India, namely

Shaivam where Shiva and role played by Shiva is of focus, as without potential to manifest, matter and elements of matter, there is no Universe.
Vaishnavam where Vishnu and role of Vishnu is given prominence, as without the all pervading forces none of this would have come and stayed together.
Shaktam where energy is given prominence, as energy is an intrinsic aspect of everything.
Sauram where Sun is given prominence as the sustainer of earth as well as life on earth.
Ganapathyam where intellect is given prominence as without intellect, all of these are as good as non-existent. The focus is more on mankind and his capabilities.
Kaumaram where beauty and design is given prominence as without this design and beauty, this Universe would not have evolved as it has.

Adi Shankara mentions about Shadmada about 2500 years ago.

More on Shadmada in our book and film, Creation – Srishti Vignana, since world over, the fundamental difference between religions, lies in their explanation of the process of Creation and hence definition and worship of God.

Hindusim

This word Hindu itself is of recent origin and did not exist in ancient India.

The Persians referred to the land to the East of the Sindhu River as Hind by interchanging S with H. The term Hindustan was coined to describe the Stan, the place or the area around the Sind, Hind, Indus River. The inhabitants of this area were called Hindustani.

Thus the term “Hind” was a geographical identity and not a religious identity to start with. But this word stuck and has been used collectively to denote the religions and sects that had their origin in India.

Ancient India had been practicing these 6 forms of “religion” based on the Veda, from time immemorial. Various religious leaders, Guru, Acharya, Mathas and Ashrama have risen in each of these 6 “religions” at various points in time.

These six, were largely similar and minutely different. People of these 6, along with other religions in India then, such as Buddhism, Jainism and other tribal sects, all of which had their origin in India, were all clubbed together as a single people called “Hinduan” by Isami, an Islamic Medieval Historian of 1350 CE.

Hinduans were Indians who were non-Islamic in religion according to him.

Prior to this, Isami cites how Indians in Persia and Arabia were called Hindian, irrespective of their religion.

So while “Hindian” was a geographical classification and included all from India, “Hinduan” was a 14^th century, religious classification which included all non-Muslims of India.

This “Hinduan” made it easy for the British to extend the religious classification further in 1829 to “Hindu”, which stood for all non-Muslims and non-Christians.

The Constitution of India, while being framed, further cemented the term “Hindu” as that which refers to anybody who is not a Muslim, Christian or a Parsi.

Every other Indian is thus a Hindu.

Thus, if we look at it historically, the Hindu religion has an antiquity of a just about 190 years only, when the British coined the term “Hindu”.

Now, based on this, are Lingayats Hindus or non-Hindus?

More on the creation of the Hindu religion in our book “Breaking The Myths – vol 2, About Society” from the “Autobiography of India” series.

Ramakrishna Mission

After independence, some Hindu sects had made attempts to get themselves a distinct minority status to gain freedom from the constant interference of the Government.

The Ramakrishna Mission in Kolkata, in the courts tried to classify themselves as minorities, but in 1995, the Supreme Court of India rejected their claims of being a separate religion.

In Tamil Land

Similarly, in the Tamil land, a sect of Shiva worshippers have a separate prayer to Shiva, who they claim is a Shiva different from the Shiva of the Vedic thought.

They have been speaking on this distinct identity of their Shiva for centuries and millennia, with their prayer call being, “Thennnattudaya shivanae pottree,” meaning “Praise be to the Shiva of the southern land”, who they differentiate from the Shiva of the Vedic system.

Congress created Hinduism

It was the Congress, which, during the freedom struggle, accepted an amalgamated concept of Hindu religion when one did not exist and supported the British law makers and the then court judgements, in making Hinduism a single religion for British administrative conveniences.

Later, through the Constituent Assembly and the Constitution, it thereby cemented and created this present body of Hindu religion.

Congress is Dividing Hinduism

Now, it is the same Congress party, 4 generations later, that is trying to make a piece meal and separate the Hindu religion bit by bit, for its local political conveniences.

Alas, the creation of Hindu religion and now its piece meal disintegration has become a handy tool in the hands of the Indian National Congress, for the last 6 generations.

Nature based Indic Thought

The Hindu ethos, which is the Indic thought, has survived irrespective of being classified as one religion or being disparate units. This is not because of political intervention and political play, but because of the cohesive ethos and the underlying fabric of the Indic thought, which is Nature based, scientific, ancient and as well current, to deal with the demands of time and progress.

A Nehruvian Blunder

In the garb of secularism, Minoritism was brought in by Jawaharlal Nehru. This was one of the blunders committed in a newly Independent India.

Jawahar Lal Nehru

Minoritism was a blunder created at the time of creating the Constitution. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar did not want it for the reason that it creates 2 classes of citizens.

Subsequent governments have not had the will, courage nor the mandate to undo it.

Because of this, India is the only country where people, instead of wanting to be in the majority want to be a minority. Unqeual Acts such as the Right to Education (RTE) have widened the divide and given unfair privileges to the minorities.

Opening a Pandora’s Box

It is the Indian National Congress (INC) that created the problem then and it is the subsequent generation of the INC that has reopened the Pandora’s box now and opened the floodgates for all.

If the Lingayats are given minority status, then every such local cult of Shiva followers can claim their status as minorities. Such local Shiva cult followers abound in every part of Bharata Desha, which will then lead to these followers of Shiva, also asking for minority status.

This in turn will lead to other components of Shadmada, mainly Vaishnavam, Shaktam, Ganapathyam, Kaumaram and Sauram too asking for minority status. This clamour will start spreading to Sikhs and Buddhists and to every other group in this land.

This idea of preservation of minorities started in the tumultuous period of Independence and the forced partition of India.

This has not only played havoc with the social fabric of India, but has also now led to each component, instead of being a cohesive unit, asking for their piece of cake by being included in minority provision.

This is bound to lead to a clash with the already existing set of minorities, as they will now have to start sharing their creamy benefits with more, leading to dilution of their privileges. This in turn could start a counter agitation by them, to retain their creamy exclusivity.

There are but a few daring options open in front of the government of India now.

3 Options to End 2 Classes Today

Option 1. Repeal the Minorities Act

This one stroke of action will remove once and for all, the majority and minority appeasement which has been a pain imposed on the Indian way of life, since independence.

Along with this step will have to be taken the following steps too

Amendment of Articles 25 to 30
Abolishment of the Ministry of Minority Affairs

3. Repealing of the NCM

4. Repealing of the NCMEI

5. Scrapping Majority/Minority Distinction in RTE

Option 2. Water Down Minoritism – Make Everyone a Minority

If one component of this amalgamated group is allowed to demand minority status and be granted the same, then the same option should be made open for each component to demand minority status.

In fact, ideally Gowdas, Vokkaligas, Vaishnavaites, Harijans, Chettiars, Nadars, Vanniars, Rajputs, Bhumihars, Yadavs, Mudaliyars, Kayasts, Namboodris, Nairs, Menons, Reddys et al, all qualify to be declared as non-Hindus and to be accorded minority status since

they all too have distinctive, sectarian, religious Gurus for each of their sects like Basaveshwara for the Lingayats
they are distinctive religious “denominations”
they too have been classified as a “Hindu” without their concurrence.

Then all the components of Shadmada and the other smaller but equally vibrant components will come under minorities category.

The only way that a level playing field for all citizens of India can be brought about, is by shifting all individual communities making up the larger amalgamated group of majority, one by one as they demand or in one stroke, as a minority. This will eventually make all communities equal.

Then all will become minority and being minority will become a majority.

Such a reworking of a flawed logic is needed to get the Indic civilization back on an even keel, so that everyone has equal rights and duties of the land, civilization, knowledge, prosperity and progress.

But, a word of caution here!

This will result in more and more Indians in the country being classified as “Backward” even when the country is vying to be classified as a developed nation in the comity of nations.

Option 3. Redefine Hinduism – Make everyone Equal

Yet another, long lasting and bolder alternative would be to redefine Hinduism and the definition of the term “Hindu” based on the history of this term itself and how it has worked in the society, civilization and global religious dialogue in the last 190 years since its “inception” or shall we say, rather “misconception”.

The redefinition exercise should aim to make every citizen equal.

Marching Towards Equality

It is a crying shame that even 7 decades after Independence and equality enshrined in the constitution, Indians are vying with one another to move backwards in society rather than march forward as a major percentage of world population.

Let us all progress now, practicing our own, different, chosen religions, as equal citizens of Bharat Mata, in this new century, new millennium and new age India.

Let it become a land where peace, love and harmony form the religion of the Majority.

Future of Cauvery water sharing lies in our past

Posted on April 5, 2018 by Dr. D K Hari and Dr. D K Hema Hari

Politicians of the day have made it seem like that the dispute over Cauvery water sharing is a conflict without a solution. They have been so successful in this that today farmers of the riparian states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu believe there is no life for them without Cauvery waters and hence are willing to stake their life for the cause.

In reality, this is yet another example of how a short-sighted vision can complicate matters for one and all. There can be, and there is, a prosperous life for farmers of the riparian states beyond Cauvery waters. The concept of water sharing in India, is as old as the early civilization of the land. History stands testimony to this.

The sharing of waters went on without any noticeable acrimony till the 1960s. Till then, there existed arrangements among people which ensured that what was available was shared amicably among the riparian states in an equitable manner. One such arrangement was a formal agreement entered into in 1860 between the Mysore Maharaja Government and the Madras Presidency, under British administration for how the waters of the Cauvery would be shared for the next 100 years. In 1960, this 100-year agreement came to an end but was not renewed by those in power.

But more than such agreements, what had ensured a harmonious sharing was the fact that both these states did not solely depend upon River Cauvery for their water needs. They had a decentralized form of water harnessing called the Chain Tank System, which met their water needs. The Cauvery was only a supplementary source to the Chain Tank System. However, in the last 50 years of modern development, both Karnataka and Tamil Nadu have neglected the decentralized form of water harnessing, the Chain Tank System, which was a sustainable form of water replenishing.

The Chain Tank system of the Carnatic was conceived and built about 1500 years ago, around 500 CE to 900 CE. It was built on the leeward side of the Western Ghats taking into cognizance the gradient of the land, sloping towards the Bay of Bengal. This region was known as the Carnatic.

Every village in this region had tanks which formed part of a Chain Tank System. The tanks were called Kere in Karnataka, Eri in Tamil Nadu and Cheruvu in Andhra Pradesh. In a chain, the Kere, Eri and Cheruvu of every village was linked to the other, right from the Western Ghats to Bay of Bengal. Rain waters were collected and stored in these local tanks as and when the rains came. Once a tank filled up, the overflow was channelled to the next in the gradient. The water thus collected flowed through every village of the Carnatic, from the slopes of the Western Ghats to the Bay of Bengal. This chain of tanks ensured that every village in this region got water irrespective of whether it had rained there or not.

This Chain Tank was decentralized and did not depend only on Cauvery waters. Just as the river Cauvery uses the gradient to flow from Western Ghats, the Chain Tank system too used the same gradient of land. Cauvery was an arterial river in this web of feeder and distribution canals.

The ingenuity lies in how the rain water was harnessed in this land across generations, ensuring prosperity to the land for thousands of years.

However, in the last 50 years of modern development, this Chain Tank System has become defunct. The decentralized approach which was the back bone of the Agrarian society has been replaced by a centralized approach of solely depending on Cauvery for both agriculture and industries as well as for water table management. This has created an unnecessary strain on the water resources.

Though there exists a web of feeder canals to and from the Cauvery and the Chain Tanks, they are blocked with silt owing to lack of maintenance over the last seven decades. Making them functional again will create a situation for balancing water between the Chain Tank and the river.

Water sharing agreements, however satisfying they may be, only address rainy season needs. The real sustainable solution lies in making the decentralized system of water harnessing using the Chain Tank System, functional again. This system can harness the water when it rains, where it rains and make it available to the people when they need it, in every nook and corner of the land. The surplus waters from this system, which will be in plenty when the system functions, can be shared with the rivers like Cauvery of this region. The excess from the rivers such as Cauvery, when in spate can also be shared with the Chain Tanks, thus balancing the water flows. This will ensure that seasonal floods and droughts are avoided.

As a civilized society, if we can restore what our ancestors had created for us, we can again be prosperous and harmonious for centuries to come.

Ideally, the acrimony over scarce Cauvery waters should have pushed modern-day politicians and administrators to clever ways of harnessing waters. Sadly, it has been long used as a political tool. In reality a solution to this vexed problem in not so far away. It is just a few decades back in the past.

(The authors are the founders of Bharath Gyan, a Knowledge Foundation. More on their work can be found at http://www.bharathgyan.com)

Ramayana, An Itihasa – Bharath Gyan Cover Story as it appeared in Organizer

Posted on April 4, 2018 by Dr. D K Hari and Dr. D K Hema Hari

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